The habits, motivations and expectations around gift-giving are key components of culture. Gifts bind people together or, when not given as expected, sting and separate people.
My family of origin white Californians; my parents formerly of the midwest. We only purchased gifts for Christmas and birthdays. Graduation of family members would bring a modest check, for those outside, a congratulations card. Our ancestors' roots were in Germany, England and Ireland. If they'd come from Italy, our beliefs about what was needful in gift-giving would have been different.
When I came into relationships with Asians, I blundered. My innocent ignorance of the lenses from which they viewed relationships caused big gaffes. I had no idea of their expectations of the host and guest relationship.
I went to Hawaii for the first time at age thirty, staying with a friend, I'll call Emi. Her parents were immigrants from Japan, living on Kauii. Emi's sister and husband offered to take us of a car tour of the island, and they took us to brunch at a elegant beach-side hotel with a splendid buffet loaded with sumptuous delicacies (I know I'm using too many adjectives, but it was heaped on adjective kind of place.) My family had never taken me to such a beautiful and expensive kind of place. I figured they must have lots of money since Emi's sister insisted on treating.
I was a naive recipient. I didn't realize that in their culture treating a guest lavishly was expected and not indicative of how much money they had. I had brought no gift for Emi or for her family because in my family culture we didn't do that. In my mind, this was going to be an equal exchange, for we had hosted Emi in our home in California, when she was on her way back to Hawaii after a semester at college.
I had met Emi on a short term mission to Japan a year earlier. At that time I brought many gifts (of the $15 - $25 range)for the pastor's family I'd stayed with and for others in the congregation. My preparation manual had told me to.
But no manual told me how to be gracious friends with someone whose family lived in Hawaii and had been on U.S. soil only one generation, not seven. (After six generations, the influence of the homeland largely wears off). My parents didn't counsel me to come with gifts in hand-they had never done that when staying with friends or family. I was clueless.
To them, living in a place where a guest arrives with a gift in had, I must have appeared ungrateful.
What a shock I had the fifth night into my stay in Hawaii as we lay in darkness in the bedroom we shared. My friend confided that I'd offended her sister, "Mariko." She didn't then, or ever, mention the lack of gifts brought, though that might well have been part of it into it.
The offense occurred when we had stopped at a small store while on our car tour. It was my host's idea to stop there because she believed I needed to buy items to take home. I had no idea she was thinking that. I looked around, but said I wouldn't buy anything, didn't have money to. After all, I'd grown up in a family who spent vacations camping and never bought gifts for ourselves or anyone else. "We don't have money for that," was a line I commonly heard.
What a collision of world views! For me that was just a simple statement of fact, something I thought was normal. In my world view we are each responsible for ourselves and if we have little money, we shouldn't buy.
But my listener had grown up in a predominantly Asian world of Hawaii where gifts are paramount in tying people together. Also Emi's parents were born in Japan so that influence loomed large. In Japan when one returns from a trip, however small a trip, one takes a little gift, omiyage, to family and close friends.
A whole industry has grown up around omiyage. People who live in out-of-the way, but scenic places, sell little packages of gift foods or handkerchiefs (a necessary item in Japan) or other memorabilia at roadside stands.
So Emi assumed that I needed to take home some gifts to family. Because I said I had no money to buy anything, she purchased a box of Macadamia nut chocolates for me to take home. Nice, I thought. I innocently received it, thinking she had a big heart, not knowing that as a host she felt obligated to provide me completely. Perhaps she felt driven to be a perfect host because I and my parents had done Emi some favors when she stayed with us in California.
Our favors were of the non-monetary kind--letting her stay over extra time with us when her airplane her canceled due to an airline strike and several trips to the airport. Plus, when she got taken in by someone's offer of a boarding pass and spent money on a useless ticket, we loaned her money to get home. In our economy, there was no need for payback for any of these things - no obligation incurred, just kindness that one friend does happily for another.
But I had landed in a culture where reciprocity is assumed. Emi and her sister probably felt she had a debt to us. I was ignorant of the web of differing perceptions and beliefs and how they impact each other. Furthering the misunderstanding was my cluelessness about unspoken rules regarding talk about money. It probably sounded to her like I said, "I need you to help me out. I'm poor."
If I had grown up in a different white family of a different class or culture, I might have said, instead, "No, I don't need any," instead of, "I don't have money to buy any." I had known Hawaiian-Japanese culture better, when Emi's sister mentioned stopping at a store, I might have said, "That's fine if you wish to stop, but don't do so for me. I don't need anything."
And if I'd been smart, I would have sent her a nice box of California dried fruits and nuts once I returned home to say, "Thank you" for taking us touring and the splendid buffet. They did an awful lot for me and I didn't reciprocate at all. On writing this, I wish to do so--34 years later!